Sonogashira Couplings Catalyzed by Fe Nanoparticles Containing ppm Levels of Reusable Pd, under Mild Aqueous Micellar Conditions

Abstract

Nanoparticles derived from FeCl3 containing the ligand XPhos and only 500 ppm Pd effect Sonogashira couplings in water between rt and 45 °C. The entire aqueous reaction medium can be easily recycled using an “in-flask” extraction. Several tandem processes in one pot are illustrated, including a sequence involving five steps (10 reactions) in good overall yield.