Csp³–Csp³ Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination from Well-Defined Copper(III) Complexes

Abstract

Carbon-carbon bond-forming reductive elimination from elusive organocopper(III) complexes has been considered the key step in many copper-catalyzed and organocuprate reactions. However, organocopper(III) complexes with well-defined structures that can undergo reductive elimination are extremely rare, especially for the formation of Csp³-Csp³ bonds. We report herein a general method for the synthesis of a series of [alkyl-Cu^III-(CF₃)₃]^- complexes, the structures of which have been unequivocally characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystal diffraction. At elevated temperature, these complexes undergo reductive elimination following first-order kinetics, forming alkyl-CF₃ products with good yields (up to 91%). Both kinetic studies and DFT calculations indicate that the reductive elimination to form Csp³-CF₃ bonds proceeds through a concerted transition state, with a Δ H^⧧ = 20 kcal/mol barrier.