Assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-proliferative (lung cancer cell line A549) activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from<i>Derris trifoliata</i>

Abstract

In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNP-DTa) were prepared using an aqueous seed extract of <i>D. trifoliata</i>. The importance of the present piece of work is viewed specially with respect to ascertaining the potential of a widely distributed under-utilized mangrove associated plant, <i>Derris trifoliata</i> (<i>DT</i>), as medicine. The as-prepared AgNP-DTa were well dispersed and stabilised in aqueous solution through biological ligands extracted from the seeds of <i>DT</i>. The functional groups present in the bio-ligands of <i>DT</i> act as reducing and stabilising agents in the formation of nanoparticles. Besides, in the present work, sunlight could induce and catalyse the reduction process of Ag⁺ to its corresponding silver atoms of nanoscale dimensions. The size of AgNP-DTa decreased with an increase in the duration of sunlight irradiation. Bio-augmented nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, HR-TEM, DLS, AFM and photoluminescence measurements. Preliminary phytochemical studies and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites with hydroxyl, amine and carbonyl groups as reducing/capping agents. AgNP-DTa demonstrated high DPPH scavenging activity with an IC 50 value of 8.25 μg ml^-1. Greater antioxidant activity of AgNP-DTa was also confirmed from total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay where it was found that the reducing power of 1 g of AgNP-DTa is almost equivalent to that of 1.3 g of Trolox. In addition, highly stable AgNP-DTa showed antibacterial activities against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The as-prepared AgNP-DTa were observed to inhibit the growth of <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> and no clear zone was obtained for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. With reference to the anti-proliferative activities, AgNP-DTa exhibited moderate activity on A549 lung cancer cell lines with a median effective concentration of 86.23 ± 0.22 μg ml^-1.