Biochemical composition of plant raw material of sweet sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench) genotype

Abstract

<strong>Objective </strong>– to investigate biochemical properties of plant raw material of cultivars and varieties of <em>Sorghum saccharatum</em> (L.) Moench in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. <strong>Material and methods.</strong> Investigated plants were cultivars and varieties of <em>Sorghum saccharatum</em> collected in experimental collection of Cultural Flora Department of National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: <em>S. saccharatum</em> (SS), <em>S. saccharatum</em> cv. <em>Botanichnyi </em>(SSB), <em>S. saccharatum</em> cv. <em>Energodar </em>(SSE), <em>S. saccharatum</em> cv. <em>Medove </em>(SSM), <em>S. saccharatum</em> cv. <em>Yantar </em>(SSY), <em>S. saccharatum</em> f. <em>AMBR1 </em>(India) (SSA1), <em>S. saccharatum</em> f. <em>AMBR2</em> (Kazakhstan) (SSA2), <em>S. saccharatum</em> f. <em>AMBR5 </em>(Kazakhstan) (SSA5). The content of dry matter was determined according to A.I. Yermakov et al. (1972), the total content of sugars and ascorbic acid concentration – according to V.P. Krishchenko (1983), the content of carotene – according to B.P. Pleshkov (1985), the content of ash – according to Z.M. Hrycaenko et al. (2003), the content of calcium and phosphorus – according to H.N. Pochinok (1976). Energetic value of dry plant raw material determined on calorimeter. Content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves detected according to M.M. Musienko et al. (2001). <strong>Results.</strong> In the period of milkywax seed ripening the plant raw material of <em>Sorghum saccharatum </em>accumulated dry matter from 21.11 % (SSA1) to 46.41 % (SSB), total content of sugars – from 8.64 % (SSE) to 28.65 % (SSA1), ascorbic acid – from 11.39 mg% (SSA) to 35.96 mg% (SSA2), carotene – from 0.16 mg% (SSE) to 0.92 mg% (SSA2), ash – from 2.32 % (SSY) to 4.02 % (SSB), calcium – from 0.503 % (SSA5) to 1.127 % (SS), phosphorus – from 0.037 % (SSY) to 0.148 % (SSM). Energetic value of dry raw was from 2928.77 Cal/g (SSE) to 4075.62 Cal/ g (SSA5). Ratio of photosynthetic pigments content was 1.26 (SSM) – 6.20 (SSB). <strong>Conclusions. </strong>Obtained data demonstrated that in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine cultivars and varieties of <em>Sorghum saccharatum</em> are the valuable source of nutrients and biofuel in the period of milkywax seed ripening. Among investigated genotypes SSB characterized by the most content of dry matter and ash, SSA1 – total content of sugars, SSA2 – vitamins, SSA5 – energetic value.