Recent advances in hybrid support material for Pt‐based electrocatalysts of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an energy conversion technology with an excellent potential to replace fossil fuel–based internal combustion engines. Evenly distributed Pt on conductive support is commonly used as an electrocatalyst. This catalyst support material is a key component of proton exchange membrane fuel cell as it greatly affects the cost, durability, and electrochemical activity of fuel cells. Although the carbon-based support materials have evolved in the last few decades, there is still need to explore other alternatives as the corrosion of carbon is inevitable under the harsh environments within the catalyst layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Moreover, the performance of noncarbon supports is also not satisfactory. Therefore, the advent of hybrid support materials, which are electrochemically stable and cost-effective, is required. The hybrid supports exhibiting the characteristics of contributing component, or even showing synergistic effect, would circumvent the shortcomings associated with individual components. This review introduces the recent advances in hybrid support materials, including carbonaceous and noncarbonaceous one; discusses the pros and cons of different support materials; and highlights the improved properties of hybrid supports as compared with the individual components.