A water-stable europium-MOF as a multifunctional luminescent sensor for some trivalent metal ions (Fe³⁺, Cr³⁺, Al³⁺), PO₄³⁻ ions, and nitroaromatic explosives

Abstract

A luminescent Eu-MOF, namely, [Eu₂(ppda)₂(npdc)(H₂O)]·H₂O (1) based on the mixed ligands 4-(pyridin-3-yloxy)-phthalic acid (H₂ppda) and naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H₂npdc) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Compound 1 was initially constructed from the 1D binuclear chains of [Ln(npdc)]₂ and further connected by ppda^2- ligands, forming a 2D layered structure. It is worth noting that compound 1 exhibited excellent fluorescence stability in the pH range of 2-13 in an aqueous solution. It was found that compound 1 could not only detect trivalent Fe³⁺, Cr³⁺ and Al³⁺ ions with high selectivity and recyclability but also serve as an excellent selective sensing material for PO₄^3- ions among some anions. The detection of NACs demonstrated that compound 1 could also behave as a functional probe with high selectivity, sensitivity, and recyclability, and the detection limit of TNP was 2.97 × 10^-6 M. Furthermore, the luminescent sensing mechanisms for different analytes were speculated.