First Report of Cycas Necrotic Stunt Virus and Lychnis Mottle Virus in Peony in the United States

Abstract

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 5First Report of Cycas Necrotic Stunt Virus and Lychnis Mottle Virus in Peony in the United States PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Cycas Necrotic Stunt Virus and Lychnis Mottle Virus in Peony in the United StatesC. Shaffer, J. C. Gress, and I. E. TzanetakisC. ShafferDepartment of Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, J. C. GressDepartment of Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, and I. E. Tzanetakis†Corresponding author: I. E. Tzanetakis; E-mail Address: itzaneta@uark.eduhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5970-1763Department of Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations C. Shaffer J. C. Gress I. E. Tzanetakis † Department of Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 Published Online:6 Mar 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-18-2089-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat The causal agent of Lemoine's disease of peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) (LDP) remains unknown (Garfinkel and Chastagner 2016). Plants from Arkansas with typical LDP symptoms were subjected to high-throughput sequence analysis as previously described (Gress et al. 2017). Two viruses that have never been identified in peony in North America, cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) and lychnis mottle virus (LycMoV), were identified. Because peonies were multiplexed with other plant samples in the high-throughput sequencing reactions and because of possible contamination, the presence of both viruses were verified with two additional independent methods. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for both viruses using primers amplifying a 256-base fragment of CNSV RNA 2 (F 5′-GAAGAGCATAGAAAGCATCTTTGA-3′/R 5′-CTTGGCACCAAGTCCAGTTC-3′) and a 300-base fragment of LycMoV RNA 1 (F 5′-GGAGTCATGGCAAAGCTACG-3′/R 5′-CAAGCACCTCAATTATTTGCTCATC-3′). Twenty-four randomly selected LDP-affected plants from Arkansas, Michigan, Alaska, Oregon, and New York were tested. Eighteen were found positive for CNSV and five for LycMoV, all in mixed infections with CNSV. Five samples for each virus, one per state, were sequenced (GenBank accession nos. MH878965 to MH878974). CNSV isolates showed 88 to 89% nucleotide (nt) identity (95 to 96% amino acid [aa] identities) with the type isolate from Japan (NC_003792.2), whereas the LycMoV isolates were more closely related to the Andong strain (KR011032) with 74 to 75% nt identities (84 to 85% aa identities). The second verification method for CNSV was nucleic acid hybridization using a detection PCR amplicon as a template for the probe as described previously (Gress et al. 2017). CNSV isolates tested positive, whereas an RT-PCR negative sample failed to produce any signal. The presence of LycMoV was verified by mechanically inoculating an Arkansas isolate onto 24 periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants as described previously (Tzanetakis et al. 2006). Plants developed symptoms including chlorosis, stunting, rosette, and leaf curl, and two were tested by RT-PCR with the protocol described above. The amplicons were directly sequenced, and both were virus specific. Both viruses have been found in high proportions of stunted but also in asymptomatic peony plants in single or mixed infections. For this reason, further work must be done to evaluate their effect on peony and role in LDP etiology. The presence of the two viruses is of great concern to the peony industry given that the majority of the propagation material does not go through virus elimination before propagation. Nepoviruses such as CNSV and LycMoV can be transmitted by nematodes or mites, pollen, and mechanical means. For this reason, the distribution of the two viruses needs to be assessed in a larger number of peony plants but also in materials that coinhabit nurseries with peony.References:Garfinkel, A. R., and Chastagner, G. A. 2016. Diseases of Peonies. Handbook of Florists' Crops Diseases. Springer, Cham, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32374-9_46-1 Google ScholarGress, J., et al. 2017. Plant Dis. 101:637. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-16-1218-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarTzanetakis, I. E., et al. 2006. Arch. Virol. 151:143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-005-0586-x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: Funding was provided by National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Hatch 1017254).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 5 May 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionTomato leaves infected with Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (Olmedo-Velarde, Roy, Belanger, Watanabe, Hamasaki, Mavrodieva, Nakhla, and Melzer). Photo credit: M. J. Melzer. Spinach plants with downy mildew symptoms caused by Peronospora effusa (Kandel, Mou, Shishkoff, Shi, Subbarao, and Klosterman). Photo credit: S. L. Kandel. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 8 May 2019Published: 6 Mar 2019First Look: 11 Dec 2018Accepted: 3 Dec 2018 Pages: 1048-1048 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Institute of Food and AgricultureGrant/Award Number: Hatch 1017254Cited byFirst report of grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 on peony plants in Ukraine9 September 2022 | Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, Vol. 130, No. 1High-throughput sequencing reveals the presence of novel and known viruses in diseased Paris yunnanensis14 December 2022 | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 13Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Plant Viruses in Imported Pear and Kiwifruit PollenThe Plant Pathology Journal, Vol. 38, No. 3First Report of Gentian Kobu-sho-Associated Virus Infecting Peony in the United States and the NetherlandsC. M. Shaffer, D. C. Michener, N. B. Vlasava, H. Chotkowski, M. Botermans, J. Starre, and I. E. 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