The changing geography of global science

Abstract

Science is happening in more countries, although the spread is geographically uneven. The geography of global science is evolving from a bipolar world to a tripolar pattern, and there are shifts in relative terms from the West (Europe and the USA) towards the East (Asia-Pacific), and from the Global North (established economies) to the Global South (emerging economies). The traditional science powerhouses have dominated global science, but emerging scientific countries are rising; both are reshaping global scientific landscape.