Multifunctional Two-Dimensional Core–Shell MXene@Gold Nanocomposites for Enhanced Photo–Radio Combined Therapy in the Second Biological Window

Abstract

Multifunctional nanoplatforms with special advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer have been widely explored in nanomedicine. Herein, we synthesize two-dimensional core-shell nanocomposites (Ti₃C₂@Au) via a seed-growth method starting from the titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂) nanosheets, a classical type of MXene nanostructure. After growing gold on the surface of Ti₃C₂ nanosheets, the stability and biocompatibility of the nanocomposites are greatly improved by the thiol modification. Also importantly, the optical absorption in the near-infrared region is enhanced. Utilizing the ability of the high optical absorbance and strong X-ray attenuation, the synthesized Ti₃C₂@Au nanocomposites are used for photoacoustic and computed tomography dual-modal imaging. Importantly, the mild photothermal effect of the Ti₃C₂@Au nanocomposites could improve the tumor oxygenation, which significantly enhances the radiotherapy. No obvious long-term toxicity of the nanocomposites is found at the injected dose. This work highlights the promise of special properties of MXene-based multifunctional nanostructures for cancer theranostics.