Structural Behavior of Layer-Printed Reinforced Concrete Beams

Abstract

Three-dimensional printing with atypical paste and mortar mixtures has been a topic of research and demonstration within the commercial and military sectors for several years. However, to the authors' knowledge, printing with traditional concrete (a mixture of cement, fine- and coarse aggregate, and gravel) has yet to be investigated at the scale of habitation structures. This article explores the concrete material properties, printing process, and flexural testing of three-dimensionally printed concrete beams.