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Improved longitudinal seismic deformation method of shield tunnels based on the iteration of the nonlinear stiffness of ring joints

Shield TunnelsEarthquake EngineeringEngineeringMechanicsSeismic AnalysisCivil EngineeringTunnelingStructural AnalysisStructural DesignStructural DynamicUnderground ConstructionStructural MechanicsNonlinear StiffnessStructural Engineering