Independent Association Between Cardio‐Ankle Vascular Index and Sarcopenia in Older U.K. Adults

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and arterial stiffness in Caucasians, centering on the relationship between skeletal mass index (SMI) and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) to assess the use of CAVI in predicting sarcopenia. DESIGN CROSS-SECTIONAL SETTING: United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: UK adults aged 45 years and over (N = 366, n = 177 male, n = 189 female). MEASUREMENTS: Bioimpedance analysis was used to derive SMI. CAVI score was calculated using a vascular screening system. Handgrip strength was measured using a standard dynamometer. RESULTS: Average CAVI was significantly correlated with SMI (correlation coefficient (r) = -0.285, p < .001), with higher correlation in women (r = -0.416, p < .001) than men (r = -0.214, p = .01). CAVI had the highest correlation with SMI from appendicular muscle (fat-free mass in men, r = -0.253, p = .002; predicted muscle mass in women, r = -0.436, p < .001). There was a significant difference in average CAVI between groups, with participants who were not sarcopenic having lower CAVI (8.98) than those who were sarcopenic (9.80) (p < .001, t-test). Linear regression was performed using SMI as the dependent variable. After adjustment for age, average CAVI was a significant predictor of SMI in women (beta = -0.332, p < .001) but not men. CONCLUSION: Indices of sarcopenia are independently associated with a higher CAVI, with greater correlation in women than men. The CAVI can be used to assess overall vascular compliance and may be a useful operator-independent tool that can be used to measure sarcopenia and its cardiovascular implications in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:317-322, 2019.