The Relationship Between Pain and Comorbid Health Conditions in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Purpose: To determine if pain and pain interference are associated with comorbid health conditions in people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and secondly, to determine if specific types of comorbidities are associated with more pain and a particular location of pain. Methods: Ninety-two persons with moderate-tosevere COPD were mailed a package that included: the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and a form to list comorbid health conditions and medications. Results: Of 54 respondents [mean FEV1 48.3%predicted; mean age 72 years], 44 reported pain. On the BPI, 81% of the cohort self-reported pain, of whom 66% had moderate to very severe pain and 73% had moderate to very high pain interference with daily activities. In those who experienced pain, 73% reported >2 comorbid health conditions and 46% reported >3 comorbid health conditions. Cardiovascular (29%) and musculoskeletal health conditions (20%) were the most commonly reported types of comorbid health conditions reported. Those with musculoskeletal or endocrine health conditions reported higher levels of pain. Pain treatments, primarily nonnarcotic agents, were used by 64% of patients. Conclusions: Significant pain and multiple comorbid health conditions are common in people living with COPD and likely compromise full participation in physical activity in some of these individuals.