Relationships between Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance among <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections and Commensal Isolates in Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Our study clearly indicates that biofilm production is associated with antibiotic resistance, and that iron receptors and hemolysin production also contribute to reduced antibiotic sensitivity. These results further our understanding of the role that these virulence factors play during UPEC pathogenesis, which in turn may be valuable for the development of novel treatment strategies against UTIs.