The Accuracy of a Large V Wave in the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure Waveform for Diagnosing Current Mitral Regurgitation

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Large V waves in the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) waveform traditionally indicate severe mitral regurgitation (MR). However, our understanding of MR etiology and hemodynamics has changed in recent decades. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to reevaluate the association between large V waves and current MR to determine whether traditional large V wave criteria remain optimal. METHOD: We reviewed 1,964 right heart catheterizations (RHCs) performed at our institution from 2010 to 2017, and retrospectively selected 126 patients with sinus rhythm who underwent echocardiography within 2 days (0.3 ± 0.5 days) of the RHC. The diagnostic accuracy of 3 traditional criteria for large V waves was assessed, and the optimal cut-off points were determined as those with the maximal Youden indices. RESULTS: Severe MR was observed on echocardiography in 26 (21%) patients, including 15 (58%) with Carpentier classification type II MR and 11 (42%) with type IIIB MR. Large V waves, defined as a difference between the peak V wave and mean PCWP ≥10 mm Hg, had a high specificity of 94% (95% confidence interval: 87-98%), but a low sensitivity of 27% (12-48%) for diagnosing severe MR. The optimal cut-off point for the V wave was 3 mm Hg above the mean PCWP, with a sensitivity of 73% (52-88%) and a specificity of 64% (54-73%). CONCLUSIONS: For diagnosing current MR, the cut-off point for a large V wave should be reduced from that previously employed for rheumatic valvular heart disease. This information may be useful in guiding contemporary transcatheter therapies for MR under RHC monitoring.