Ethyl Pyruvate Attenuates CaCl<sub>2</sub>-Induced Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy and Inflammatory Responses

Abstract

Our results provide evidence that EP attenuates CaCl2-induced injury of HK-2 cells by downregulating the expression of inflammation and autophagy proteins that may be associated with the inhibition of the high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathway and the competitive interaction with Beclin-1 of HMGB1.