Effects and Action Mechanism of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT): Applications in Periodontology

Abstract

Lasers nowadays have several applications in many research fields. In the life sciences and especially in Periodontology, Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has proven to be particularly interesting. Low intensity radiation in specific wavelengths has been known to trigger cellular proliferation and differentiation, through molecular mechanisms that are still not fully elucidated. These effects might be triggered by mitochondria and through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). These in turn, can activate other molecular pathways and signaling cascade, resulting in the activation of a plethora of transcriptional factors. In this review we aim to highlight the mechanism of action and the effects of LLLT. We also aim to highlight how different wavelengths and energy applied can have a distinct impact on the effectiveness of LLLT. Finally, we provide insight on its current and potential future applications.