Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and the associated radiological hazards in some building materials from Mayo-Kebbi region, Chad

Abstract

In order to assess the levels of natural radioactivity and the associated radiological hazards in some building materials of the Mayo-Kebbi region (Chad), a total of nineteen samples were collected on the field. Using a high resolution γ-ray spectrometry system, the activity concentrations of radium ( 226 Ra), thorium ( 232 Th) and potassium ( 40 K) in these samples have been determined. The measured average activity concentrations range from 0.56 ± 0.37 Bq kg −1 to 435 ± 7 Bq kg −1 , 1.3 ± 0.6 Bq kg −1 to 50.6 ± 1.1 Bq kg −1 and 4.3 ± 2.0 Bq kg −1 to 840 ± 9 Bq kg −1 , for 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K, respectively. The highest 226 Ra average activities is found in soil brick samples of Zabili. The highest mean value of 232 Th and 40 K concentrations are found in soil brick samples of Madajang. The activity concentration and the radium equivalent activity (Ra eq ) have been compared to other studies done elsewhere in the world. Their average values are lower than most of those of countries with which the comparison has been made. Were also evaluated, the external radiation hazard index, the internal radiation hazard index , the indoor air absorbed dose rate , the outdoor air absorbed dose rate, the activity utilization index, the annual effective dose, the annual gonadal dose equivalent, the representative level index, as well as, the excess lifetime cancer risk. In accordance with the criterion of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, our results show that soil brick samples of Zabili and Madajang increases the risk of radiation exposure, thereby the possibility of developing cancer by people living in this environment. Based on these findings, brick samples from Zabili and Madajang are not recommended for construction purposes. All other sample materials have properties that are acceptable for use as building materials in terms of radiation hazard.