Reconfigurable phase-change meta-absorbers with on-demand quality factor control

Abstract

Perfect absorber type devices are well-suited to many applications, such as solar cells, spatial light modulators, bio-sensors, and highly-sensitive photo-detectors. In such applications, a method for the design and fabrication of devices in a simple and efficient way, while at the same time maintaining design control over the key performance characteristics of resonant frequency, reflection coefficient at resonance and quality factor, would be particularly advantageous. In this work we develop such a method, based on eigenmode analysis and critical coupling theory, and apply it to the design of reconfigurable phase-change metasurface absorber devices. To validate the method, the design and fabrication of a family of absorbers was carried out with a range of 'on-demand' quality factors, all operating at the same resonant frequency and able to be fabricated simply and simultaneously on the same chip. Furthermore, by switching the phase-change layer between its amorphous and crystalline states, we show that our devices can provide an active or reconfigurable functionality.