Association of Cadmium and Lead Exposure With the Incidence of Contrast Sensitivity Impairment Among Middle-aged Adults

Abstract

This study's findings suggest that incident CS impairment was common in the 10-year follow-up, with cadmium, but not lead, exposure associated with increased risk. The associations of diminished CS with other modifiable risk factors found appear to imply that changes in behavior may reduce future incidence of CS impairment.