Apigenin and apigeninidin isolates from the<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>leaf targets inflammation via cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 and prostaglandin‐E₂blockade

Abstract

JA fraction of SBL had the highest ratio of COX-2IC₅₀ :COX-1IC₅₀^41.214 whereas JE had the lowest ratio COX-2IC₅₀ :COX-1IC₅₀^1.161 . Interestingly, JE5 derived from JE showed a ratio of COX-2IC₅₀ :COX-1IC₅₀^0.495 while P8 derived from JE5 showed a dose-dependent reduction in COX-2IC₅₀ :COX-1IC5₀ ratio and in PG-E₂ production, which was more effective compared to ibuprofen. A dose-dependent reduction in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell proliferation was also observed in P8-treated cells. The phenolic compounds identified in P8 include apigenin and apigeninidin adducts which may explain the exceptional anti-inflammatory activity and efficacy in COX-2 targeting.