The Yenikapı 12 Shipwreck, a 9th-Century Merchantman from the Theodosian Harbour in Istanbul, Turkey: construction and reconstruction

Abstract

Shipwreck Yenikapı 12 was discovered in Yenikapı, Istanbul, Turkey in 2007 during rescue excavations carried out by Istanbul Archaeological Museums. The majority of the bottom of the shipwreck, found within the sediment-filled Theodosian Harbour, is intact and part of the cargo was found in situ. According to the results of reconstruction studies, YK12 was a small merchantman working coastal waters, approximately 9.24m in length and 2.64m in breadth. The shipwreck is dated to the 9th century AD and was built with a mixed construction using the shell-based method for the lower hull. El pecio de Yenikapı 12, un mercante del siglo noveno en el Puerto de Teodosio en Estambul, Turquía: construcción y reconstrucción El pecio de Yenikapı 12 fue descubierto en Yenikapı, Estambul, Turquía en el ano 2007 durante las excavaciones de rescate llevadas a cabo por Museos Arqueológicos de Estambul. La mayoría del sollado del pecio, situado dentro del Puerto de Teodosio que está lleno de sedimento, está intacto y parte de la carga fue hallada in situ. Acorde con los resultados de los estudios de reconstrucción, YK12 era un pequeño mercante de cabotaje y tenía aproximadamente 9.24m de eslora y 2.64m de manga. El pecio fue fechado como del siglo XI A.D. y su construcción es mixta empleando el método de construcción basada en el forro para la porción inferior del casco. Yenikapı 12 batığı, Türkiye'de, İstanbul Yenikapı’da, İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri tarafından gerçekleştirilen kurtarma kazıları sırasında 2007 yılında keşfedilmiştir. Theodosius Limanı dolgusu içinde, bulunan batığın, alt gövdesinin büyük bir kısmı bütündür ve içindeki yükün bir bölümü in situ olarak bulunmuştur. Rekonstrüksiyon çalışmalarına göre, YK12, 9,24 m uzunluğunda ve 2,64 m genişliğinde, kıyı denizciliği yapan küçük bir ticaret teknesidir. MS 9. yüzyıla tarihlendirilen batık, karma yapım yönteminin, inşaya önce kaplamaların kurulmasıyla başlandığı bir evresini temsil etmektedir. 土耳其伊斯坦布尔狄奥多西港遗址出土的9世纪商船耶尼卡皮12号:建造与复原 2007年, 伊斯坦布尔考古博物馆在土耳其耶尼卡皮进行抢救性发掘时发现了耶尼卡皮12号 (Yenikapı12) 沉船。沉船底部绝大部分包裹在狄奥多西港内的沉积物中, 因而保存完好, 部分船货发现时仍处于原位。根据复原研究的结果, YK12是一艘在沿岸水域工作的小型商船, 长约9.24米, 宽约2.64米。该沉船的历史可追溯到公元9世纪, 船体采用混合建造法, 壳体下部以船壳法建造。 关键词:耶尼卡皮沉船, 狄奥多西港, 混合建造法, 船舶复原, 平接销钉船板 土耳其伊斯坦布爾狄奧多西港遺址出土的9世紀商船耶尼卡皮12號:建造與複原 2007年, 伊斯坦布爾考古博物館在土耳其耶尼卡皮進行搶救性發掘時發現了耶尼卡皮12號 (Yenikapı12) 沉船。沉船底部絕大部分包裹在狄奧多西港內的沉積物中, 因而保存完好, 部分船貨發現時仍處于原位。根據複原研究的結果, YK12是一艘在沿岸水域工作的小型商船, 長約9.24米, 寬約2.64米。該沉船的曆史可追溯到公元9世紀, 船體采用混合建造法, 殼體下部以船殼法建造。 關鍵詞:耶尼卡皮沉船, 狄奧多西港, 混合建造法, 船舶複原, 平接銷釘船板 Archaeological excavations in Yenikapı were conducted within the scope of the Marmaray and Metro projects and were carried out non-stop by Istanbul Archaeological Museums (IAM) from 2004 to 2013. A 12m-thick deposit was excavated with stratigraphic layers dating from the end of the Ottoman Empire to the Neolithic Age (Kızıltan, 2010; Kocabaş, 2015b). The Theodosian Harbour, which was discovered during the excavations, produced many archaeological finds that the of Istanbul, the of that from the to The of the Theodosian and the 2010; Kocabaş, 2010; Kocabaş, Kocabaş, Yenikapı 12 shipwreck with a cargo of was discovered by in the part of the in The shipwreck was in the in the Yenikapı the Istanbul to the The shipwreck was in situ with and and the were and in 2007 were to in the Yenikapı by the and of the were and construction and reconstruction the construction and of YK12 with to Yenikapı to the and of reconstruction YK12 was of that cargo the and a of the were found in the a and a a and of a of a a and a found the shipwreck were found that were found in a and and the The and the were dated to the 9th century AD a AD was found in the The shipwreck dated to AD by of the of the that the cargo was in of the in the from the found the 12 during a in which from was from the to the to the and and the 12 in the of the a in cargo carried in from a to a the of a dated to the from a the the by a in and The of the and the and the of the and the carried is The a of a from the was found with from the during a 12 with a to and was of the the cargo were in The a length of and a of and of the a of the the and and Kocabaş, the of the to from to a with to of and of which The and for small the the of and The the and intact and were the and the and the end in a in and were the of the in the of the and to the of the and of the The bottom of the was found in a with to and to The were from with and and and is were in the with of from the the of the were and were found in the The of and the and and The a with in length from to The and of is approximately to and The to with from the to the from to The and the of the the in the were found the and the and is of the was the and many of the was was the of the hull. The that the and from to The of the and the the and the the for the the and the were the the of the and the the The were in the the hull. The end of the was to the with a and the end of the was to the with a A length of the was found in situ the of the the and 9th The a and of in and in the reconstruction a was the a the end of the the of the of and and A was found the the the from the to a a to with to the and the of were were the lower of of is in and is The is and was to with which were was the and were in the of the that to to the and the in with and the of the were the of the were found The of to the were of and was to with a and a and was for the bottom of a small part of and and was was was by a and a the of and a in the of of and to and to of the were found intact The the with the the the of The and the The and with the a The of the in the a the of the the and the is the of the and were The of the with a with the of the The of and and The end the and the to with the to and and the of the The the the the the The the the which the of and is the the The were the with and with of of the and were to the with of and with and were to the A was the with to were with with to were to the with The were to the with the and were with the of were were from the and the of the were found and with the hull. The was the and to the of the and was found in and intact a with is with a and the the that the were and to the is to with the of the is the for the the a small of the The small is and The is and the of to the that approximately and A of that were and to the with The was by the from the working the to and of were in from the and the with the of the in a the The of the in a of and with intact and that to and and were of the is and is and and to and for in and and with the of the of to to the The to the and is a in the and to the was the by the was found in situ to and the of the to were the of a the of a the were and The and were with to the of the of the A was in the of and that the a is a approximately and to the of with The of and a was a The that in the and the of the were The 12 a the by the layers of found by the of the and were in of were the and of the a of in the and the of the the is a and in the to and A and was the of the the of the and was of The of and were and was the of the and were in the and which to to the from the was of and that in the were by with in the to and the and and to and that 12 was built with by the of the was to the from a the of the that the for the of during construction with the and of were in the construction of the and were to the of in the the of which was the which is and was for the and and for and the was was for the and and the and which and the construction for of built in the of the in the part of the with with was The and the were from and A was for the construction of the is that the is a of the the is of the the in the lower hull. A is in the which from The is to the length of the which that were and in the which and the by in the is from the of and is the method in the and studies, was that of were from a with was from the and the and According to the the was that the which is the and part of the was the was the the which to a of was from the of and in the construction of 12 in the and were in construction and which to the part of the in the of the century and the of the century and The of the and the and were for in the era carried out of the Yenikapı by that in the dated the from the were is to which were and the was from the the of the and the of the to in the the and of 12, was that were were using a by the of and the the of the in the to the the of to to the and The by the the with and from and in According to the from the was the and from the end the of the The the was with which that were with a the of the was with a the was with The and that and were with the were in the of the The the of the and bottom of the of by that and with was the of the and the were the was of from of were for of and were for the from the with to the and the and the the of the and and the the and bottom of the and the and the bottom and of the the of for the that the and were the for that were to for to and and and of and and from the A was for the of the the of the of the the end of the of the and of a of of were in the that the 12 of to with of which were found in in the Yenikapı and were found that of were were found in the of the for and during to in construction The of the were with and were to the to the a by the of the and a and were in from the of the and end in the of the of the the to the to the of the The and of the of in the in and to the to the to to the and were with the in the construction of 12 is were for and is that of the were for and in the working during the found and the with the of that the to the the to the with and The of were from from the were approximately 12 and to and in the hull. The of by reconstruction and The a and the during of the and the with were to with the with a of with in were by and of the the of the of were and with in the and the were the the with of the were and were found in the of the hull. were in and which small were and in the for the to the the and the and the which from of were to the to the and to the and to the were in the to the in of which were were of were with of and The by the were The were the and the and the were the and were were in the of in the of the and to the of the of the were with the and the of the the and by in the were with 12 were in by to the of the The with to the the the with the the of the a the end of the of the to the part of the in the and the part in the and a that the were and to the the were and the The of the of the to the which of were in the and were found the with the of to the a was in the in the the and the the and the and the of and and and the of the in the was found in and of and was for and to the was a by the and the The which and was to of the during of the in the The was by and which a The of the was by and a of The the of which was in and and in many Yenikapı Kocabaş, is the of 12 The in the were the and was was found in carried out in the of and The and of the of the 12 and the of the with a a of and The by the and by with a of the and of the was the of the hull. the the the a and and A of were the of the were to the for the small were the of the lower the of of the of the the of a of the was found the of the the the and a A of the of the a the the is of the of the of the the of and and that to the of 12, is that of shell-based and in construction and that the was built using a mixed and was to the and for the with and with and the and the construction with the to the The from a were with and a of and to the the of the and a that a in built in the to in mixed construction a shell-based a The a and the to the and to the of the in to the and to the during a to the with found the was to the found the bottom of and dated to the century The of which of the of the of the by the of the were in dated dated century AD dated century AD and dated AD and Yenikapı dated to the The the to built to the in Yenikapı, and the the Kocabaş, the of the that and and The 12 is to the in the shipwreck which is of the shell-based construction was for the in the of 12, that is the by the the to the of the of and in many which a mixed construction using the shell-based method for the bottom of the the to the the with shell-based the and with shell-based construction that a a in the construction of that the of 12 the the and a construction is in the and the of the is that the the were to the lower to the and were to The of the the of of to the and the of the to the A was in the dating to AD dating to the of the century AD in which were in the and dating to the century which for the A the and Limanı which to built with a construction the to the of the and to the the from the the majority of the and to the of the the bottom the construction with the is that the the of the and a part of the the that the the that were for the of the hull. the that the the in 12 the and that the the the The the and the in to the and a of that the bottom of the was built the were of the the of the that the were the the of the were that of the were in the were and The the a of the of the that the was the The of many of the the many of the that the to the in the is that of the in the and were to the the the to the using a the the and the the the the and the the were in of the the that to the the was the The that the and and the and A the of the to the lower of was that was of the to construction to is the was for 12 the of the bottom of the was by the The the of the and the of the with the in the that that the were the is the in of the hull. The of by the is to and for the of the of is that to the of is that to in the of the with the and the the of the a the bottom to the were a mixed construction the bottom of the to the the the the of the The to the the the to and out by the of the the of the of the hull. is to the and mixed The is of a that is to with and from the of the century AD and with from the end of the century and the of the century AD The and of 12 the of a by for is of of the of mixed construction to the of dated to the of and dated to the century and found in the the and the dated to the century and found the of and and and the to the and the shipwreck, discovered the of which of mixed construction with the the Yenikapı and in a to of for and Kocabaş, the of 12, with and to and A of the construction to a The shipwreck, built in the 9th century and found the with 12, with and of the the construction the of 12 the in which the were the The to the the 12, in the was the to the The to the of the lower part of hull. the and construction and were built the a mixed construction YK12 is of a shell-based and were in with mixed construction of and construction 12 was to to the of was to the and a was to the with of construction 12 is to the and and which were and mixed construction were by the discovered in the Theodosian Harbour, and Kocabaş, is in for of in situ and the is the construction of the Yenikapı and to Yenikapı in the with with in the of and the by the of the by and The to with and The and with from with and the and The dated the century AD and the end of the 9th century AD Kocabaş, 12 the of Yenikapı which and and and and were to the Yenikapı dated the and the of AD is the with The majority with in the lower to the and to in a and The is with to and The the of in to the of to the with by a of and to the The of the the of the the in the The to the with and The and were the The the the and the for the is that in the of the of a is the the of the for the were a from which the majority of from the Yenikapı the and the AD and Kocabaş, The with by the to the The in to The is by the and with The of and the bottom and Kocabaş, by the in The that a and is that was and in and in of to The with and 12, and in to the The with 12 and a and a a of with to and by the in with The that the with is a is in The is by which a hull. was built with a of and were the of the to the of the and a and to in with and 12 the of the of the Yenikapı with in of construction and the of of 12 and The of is the in 12 which is of the Yenikapı that 12 in construction 12 in Yenikapı The of 12 and were in and and and with The of to 12, were to the with that were from the of the and with with in were the of and with the to the The in to 12, a of and in the and and Kocabaş, The with the the in 12, in in with and in and and Kocabaş, were found in The that to 12 and and to 12 and of with in the of the is and and the Kocabaş, in a of the Yenikapı The of and 12 were the to the and the were of The in 12 were for of the with found the Yenikapı The of were of of and of the of of the of is in was in a of and which was in a of and which with is the for in Yenikapı the from 12 were The of the that the and for the and for the the that and the of in the of and that a of which of a carried out in the of of of the and a part of the of which is that 12 the that and in of the of for the was in with from the Yenikapı in and construction and of the with dated the and the dated to the and were found to the in and and and in and The for from the and The of which 12 in of construction of the and is built of Turkey a of Turkey in YK12 with the with and built with and is that to a from the and to the for from the Theodosian is 12 with to the and that the the bottom of 12 was to the and of were According to reconstruction studies, to and were the 9th and the the were The of the the in the and the in the were the and were the and to the which the majority of the and and were found from Yenikapı to the reconstruction of 12 to the of a with a a found in the and is the dated to the of of and archaeological and of from the and with 12, to the of the A reconstruction to the of the with and was a was by the found the in The was found to the were of of the were and the and the intact with small from the The of the the and to the of the and the of the to the of the reconstruction was that the of the were in the a was the bottom of the the the The of was the The were to and the a a was the and of the and the of the The and and were of the were from and to the by The were to the the of the and the which the to The method was for which is the and to the the for the the were by the of The of the were by and using the and to in the of of dated and the in the of the The and the of in the construction to the of the 12 were from the and and found the and the to the the for a a the and the of of the of a The and that the a the The is the of the The small of the and of the of the that YK12 a is a small for a in of the A to is for found the of A was found in the which a and is dated to the 9th century AD and of and Limanı archaeological from to and a of in 12 was by a and with a of was of the in the reconstruction of the archaeological and and to the and of the The and of the were during the of a reconstruction of the in The were found in the of the hull. The the A to a for a which the with and of were found in the of was and The the the were found that a is that the was which with the small the of the a A the for the finds a were found in of the for cargo to the in to the of the were is for the of the and archaeological The and the and was that and to the the cargo the part of small in the and the of reconstruction were using and archaeological the for YK12 was by The of the the were from using were the The from using a of the in situ and the with a and the Yenikapı of Istanbul were by to the to a of the in situ. The of the results of the reconstruction were with using was in the of the of the hull. was to of the hull. a reconstruction of YK12 was reconstruction were of construction working The results a length of a a of and of The of the is The to the was approximately and carried of is and the cargo of the is approximately the The the was of the the and the for a reconstruction of 12 were was built to the and the and and were built the The was to a with the and of a a and The reconstruction was in with the and the Yenikapı in was within the from the to the within the of the in the Yenikapı 12 is a small that in the 9th century in the Theodosian of the of the was to the and and and to the from the to the and the in were the of a and were built and by the According to reconstruction 12 was a small merchantman working coastal was by a and by which is of the a the and and for the of the was in the and the a and a and to and to and and length and with in the and construction of the of the the of is small 12 is and is the was The part of the was a of the cargo the The was to the cargo small for coastal to from the Theodosian the a that of to the a that to to the Istanbul Archaeological to and to the Istanbul Yenikapı to the to and to to to The Yenikapı was by the Istanbul