Ibrutinib Monotherapy in Symptomatic, Treatment-Naïve Patients With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

Abstract

Purpose Ibrutinib is active in previously treated Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). MYD88 mutations ( MYD88^MUT) and CXCR4 mutations ( CXCR4^MUT) affect ibrutinib response. We report on a prospective study of ibrutinib monotherapy in symptomatic, untreated patients with WM, and the effect of CXCR4^MUT status on outcome. Patients and Methods Symptomatic, treatment-naïve patients with WM were eligible. Ibrutinib (420 mg) was administered daily until progression or unacceptable toxicity. All tumors were genotyped for MYD88^MUT and CXCR4^MUT. Results A total of 30 patients with WM received ibrutinib. All carried MYD88^MUT, and 14 (47%) carried a CXCR4^MUT. After ibrutinib treatment, median serum IgM levels declined from 4,370 to 1,513 mg/dL, bone marrow involvement declined from 65% to 20%, and hemoglobin level rose from 10.3 to 13.9 g/dL ( P < .001 for all comparisons). Overall (minor or more than minor) and major (partial or greater than partial) responses for all patients were 100% and 83%, respectively. Rates of major (94% v 71%) and very good partial (31 v 7%) responses were higher and time to major responses more rapid (1.8 v 7.3 months; P = 0.01) in patients with wild-type CXCR4 versus those with CXCR4^MUT, respectively. With a median follow-up of 14.6 months, disease in two patients (both with CXCR4^MUT) progressed. The 18-month, estimated progression-free survival is 92% (95% CI, 73% to 98%). All patients are alive. Grade 2/3 treatment-related toxicities in > 5% of patients included arthralgia (7%), bruising (7%), neutropenia (7%), upper respiratory tract infection (7%), urinary tract infection (7%), atrial fibrillation (10%), and hypertension (13%). There were no grade 4 or unexpected toxicities. Conclusion Ibrutinib is highly active, produces durable responses, and is safe as primary therapy in patients with symptomatic WM. CXCR4^MUT status affects responses to ibrutinib.