Progress and Future Perspectives on Li(Na)–CO₂ Batteries

Abstract

Abstract Li(Na)–CO 2 batteries are attracting significant research attention due to contemporary energy and environmental issues. Li(Na)–CO 2 batteries make possible the utilization of CO 2 and open up a new avenue for energy conversion and storage. Research on this system is currently in its infancy, and its development is still faced with many challenges in terms of high charge potential, weak rate capability, and poor cyclability. Moreover, the reaction mechanism in the battery is still unclear and hard to determine, due to the generation of carbon along with metal carbonates on the cathode. In this review, the authors present the fundamentals and the latest progress related to Li(Na)–CO 2 research. Detailed discussions are provided on the electrochemical reactions on cathode, cathode materials, and electrolytes. Current challenges and future perspectives on Li(Na)–CO 2 batteries are also proposed.