A New Strategy for High‐Voltage Cathodes for K‐Ion Batteries: Stoichiometric KVPO₄F

Abstract

Abstract The exploration of high‐energy‐density cathode materials is vital to the practical use of K‐ion batteries. Layered K‐metal oxides have too high a voltage slope due to their large K + –K + interaction, resulting in low specific capacity and average voltage. In contrast, the 3D arrangement of K + , with polyanions separating them, reduces the strength of the effective K + ‐K + repulsion, which in turn increases specific capacity and voltage. Here, stoichiometric KVPO 4 F for use as a high‐energy‐density K‐ion cathode is developed. The KVPO 4 F cathode delivers a reversible capacity of ≈105 mAh g −1 with an average voltage of ≈4.3 V (vs K/K + ), resulting in a gravimetric energy density of ≈450 Wh kg −1 . During electrochemical cycling, the K x VPO 4 F cathode goes through various intermediate phases at x = 0.75, 0.625, and 0.5 upon K extraction and reinsertion, as determined by ex situ X‐ray diffraction characterization and ab initio calculations. This work further explains the role of oxygen substitution in KVPO 4+ x F 1− x : the oxygenation of KVPO 4 F leads to an anion‐disordered structure which prevents the formation of K + /vacancy orderings without electrochemical plateaus and hence to a smoother voltage profile.