Bioinspired Supertough Graphene Fiber through Sequential Interfacial Interactions

Abstract

Natural nacre exhibits extraordinary functional and structural diversity, combining high strength and toughness. The mechanical properties of nacre are attributed to (i) a highly arranged hierarchical layered structure of inorganic minerals (95 vol %) containing a small amount only of organic materials (5 vol %), (ii) abundant synergistic interfacial interactions, and (iii) formation under ambient temperature. Herein, inspired by these three design principles originating from natural nacre, the supertough bioinspired graphene-based nanocomposite fibers (BGNFs) are prepared under room temperature via sequential interfacial interactions of ionic bonding and π–π interactions. The resultant synergistic effect leads to a super toughness of 18.7 MJ m–3 as well as a high tensile strength of 740.1 MPa. In addition, the electrical conductivity of these supertough BGNFs is as high as 384.3 S cm–1. They can retain almost 80% of this conductivity even after 1000 cycles of loading–unloading testing, which makes these BGNFs promising candidates for application in flexible and stable electrical devices, such as strain sensors and actuators.