New Hirsutinolide-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Vernonia cinerea Inhibit Nitric Oxide Production in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

Abstract

Phytochemical investigation of ethanol extracts from two Taiwanese collections of <i>Vernonia cinerea</i> resulted in the isolation of eighteen hirsutinolide-type sesquiterpenoids, including seven new ones designated as vernolides E - K (1: -7: ). All structures were determined by a combination of detailed spectroscopic analyses (NMR and MS) and comparison with reported data. In an <i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammatory assay, compounds 3, 7, 9, 11: , and 14: exhibited strong inhibitory activities toward NO production by LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC₅₀ values of 1.18, 0.85, 0.66, 0.71 and 0.45 µM, respectively, without affecting cellular viability at 40 µM. Preliminary structure-activity relationships indicate that the ester groups at C-8 and C-13 may enhance inhibition of NO production.