Cross-Linked Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) Anion Exchange Membranes with Long Flexible Multihead for Fuel Cells

Abstract

To enhance the ionic conductivity and mechanical property of the chemically stable aliphatic anion exchange membranes (AEMs), cross-linked poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) AEMs (PVBC-xQ4) bearing long flexible cross-linker chains with multiple quaternary ammonium (QA) head were prepared via a facile one-step process. The AEMs exhibit high conductivity and excellent mechanical property. The cross-linked AEMs excluding any other heteroatomic bond especially the sulfone linkage or ether bond in the backbone have robust alkaline stability, low water uptake, and good dimensional stability. A well-developed hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separated morphology was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PVBC-50Q4 membrane with ionic exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.87 mequiv g–1 displays a highest ionic conductivity of 74.3 mS cm–1 at 80 °C. After tested in a 2 M aqueous KOH solution at 80 °C for 1300 h, 88% of the conductivity and 89% of the IEC were remained. Furthermore, a single cell using the PVBC-50Q4 membrane has a maximum peak power density of 109.2 mW cm–2 at 60 °C.