Electrostatics Generated by a Supramolecular Capsule Stabilizes the Transition State for Carbon–Carbon Reductive Elimination from Gold(III) Complex

Abstract

Tetrahedral assemblies of stoichiometry M₄L₆ have been proven to catalyze a range of chemical reactions including the carbon-carbon reductive elimination reaction from transition metals such as gold. Here, we perform quantum chemical calculations of Gold(III) transition metal complexes in vacuum, and encapsulated in Ga₄L₆^12- or Si₄L₆^8- assemblies within both a reaction field continuum solvent and in an aqueous molecular environment with counterions, to rationalize the rate enhancements observed experimentally for the reductive elimination reaction. We find that the Ga₄L₆^12- assembly lowers the energy barrier of the reaction compared to Si₄L₆^8-, which is consistent with kinetic trends observed experimentally. We have determined that the primary factor for catalytic rate acceleration stems from the electrostatic environment emanating from the Ga₄L₆^12- capsule as opposed to the water or counterions.