Alpha-mangostin inhibits the migration and invasion of A549 lung cancer cells

Abstract

Several studies have indicated that <i>α</i>-mangostin exerts anti-metastasis and anti-subsistence effects on several types of cancer cells. Especially, the anti-metastatic effect of <i>α</i>-mangostin on cancer cells is a prospective function in cancer treatment. However, the metastasis process is complicated, and includes migration, invasion, intravasation, and extravasation; thus, the main target of anti-metastatic effect of <i>α</i>-mangostin is not known. In this study, we investigated the effects of <i>α</i>-mangostin on the invasion, subsistence, and migration of lung cancer cells under co-culture conditions with normal cells and regular mono-culture conditions. We found that <i>α</i>-mangostin killed the lung cancer and normal cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the alteration in the surface mechanical properties of cells was examined by using atomic force microscopy. Although the <i>α</i>-mangostin concentrations of 5 and 10 µM did not affect the short-term cell viability, they considerably decreased the Young's modulus of lung cancer cells implying a decline in cell surface actin cytoskeletal properties. Additionally, these concentrations of <i>α</i>-mangostin inhibited the migration of lung cancer cells. In co-culture conditions (cancer cells with normal cells), the invasive activities of cancer cells on normal cells were discernibly observed, and was inhibited after treatment with 5 and 10 µM of <i>α</i>-mangostin. Taken together, <i>α</i>-mangostin suppressed the subsistence of lung cancer cells and displayed anti-metastatic activities by inhibiting the migration and invasion, and reducing the actin cytoskeleton of cancer cells. Our findings suggest that <i>α</i>-mangostin could be a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.