<i>ACE</i>I/D gene variant predicts ACE enzyme content in blood but not the ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content in human skeletal muscle in the Gene SMART study

Abstract

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is expressed in human skeletal muscle. The ACE I/D polymorphism has been associated with athletic performance in some studies. Studies have suggested that the ACE I/D gene variant is associated with ACE enzyme content in serum, and there is an interaction between ACE and uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2 and UCP3). However, no studies have explored the effect of ACE I/D on ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content in human skeletal muscle. Utilizing the Gene SMART cohort ( n = 81), we investigated whether the ACE I/D gene variant is associated with ACE enzyme content in blood and ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content in skeletal muscle at baseline and following a session of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Using a stringent and robust statistical analyses, we found that the ACE I/D gene variant was associated with ACE enzyme content in blood ( P < 0.005) at baseline but not the ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content in muscle at baseline. A single session of HIIE tended (0.005 < P < 0.05) to increase blood ACE content immediately postexercise, whereas muscle ACE protein content was lower 3 h after a single session of HIIE ( P < 0.005). Muscle UCP3 protein content decreased immediately after a single session of HIIE ( P < 0.005) and remained low 3 h postexercise. However, those changes in the muscle were not genotype dependent. In conclusion, The ACE I/D gene variant predicts ACE enzyme content in blood but not the ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content of human skeletal muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper describes the association between ACE I/D gene variant and ACE protein content in blood and ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content in skeletal muscle at baseline and after exercise in a large cohort of healthy males. Our data suggest that ACE I/D is a strong predictor of blood ACE content but not muscle ACE content.