Polarized olefins as enabling (co)catalysts for the polymerization of γ-butyrolactone

Abstract

<italic>N</italic>-Heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) can homopolymerize GBL <italic>via</italic> anionic or zwitterionic pathways, whereby polymerization mode and polymer topology depend on the chemical structure of the NHO and the presence of LiCl as cocatalyst.