International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · 2018 · 76 citations · 29 references
Natural SciencesEnvironmental SciencesSoil SciencesEnvironmental HealthEnvironmental ToxicologySoil ScienceEnvironmental Heavy Metal ExposureHeavy Metal AnalysisHeavy Metal ContaminationHeavy Metal Risk AssessmentHousehold Chemical ExposuresLead ExposureChildhood Lead ExposureChildren's Heavy Metal ExposureCitizen Science MonitoringHousehold Lead ExposureLead Exposure RiskSoil Heavy Metal AssessmentSources Of Lead ExposureSpatial Scale Effects
An ambitious citizen science effort in the city of Indianapolis (IN, USA) led to the collection and analysis of a large number of samples at the property scale, facilitating the analysis of differences in soil metal concentrations as a function of property location (i.e., dripline, yard, and street) and location within the city. This effort indicated that dripline soils had substantially higher values of lead and zinc than other soil locations on a given property, and this pattern was heightened in properties nearer the urban core. Soil lead values typically exceeded the levels deemed safe for children's play areas in the United States (<400 ppm), and almost always exceeded safe gardening guidelines (<200 ppm). As a whole, this study identified locations within properties and cities that exhibited the highest exposure risk to children, and also exhibited the power of citizen science to produce data at a spatial scale (i.e., within a property boundary), which is usually impossible to feasibly collect in a typical research study.
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Bone lead levels in adjudicated delinquents
Herbert L. Needleman, Christine McFarland, Roberta B. Ness et al. · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · 2002 · 400 citations