High impedance fault detection and location in distribution networks using smart meters

Abstract

High impedance faults (HIFs) present great difficulty of identification and location in distribution networks (DN) due to their characteristics of low current magnitude. Advances in smart grids and distribution automation allow the detection of disturbances that were previously unnoticeable in DN. This work aims to present a new method for detection and location of HIFs from smart meters placed at strategic points in the feeder, using a voltage unbalance based approach. The methodology was evaluated through simulations in MATLAB / Simulink, focusing on the detection of high impedance series faults. The results showed that the algorithm effectively identifies broken conductors, with or without ground faults, located either at the load or source side. Once technical and economic feasibility is proven, these methods can assist energy distribution utilities in restoring the normal operating conditions of the distribution network.