The Sport Psychologist · 2018 · 23 citations · 78 references
Social SciencesPsychologySocial PsychologyHuman PerformanceSport PsychologyStereotypingStereotype ActivationStereotype ThreatStereotypesSports Performance Under Stereotype ThreatStereotype Threat ReductionStereotype Threat TheorySystematic Literature Review
Stereotype-threat theory holds that activation of a negative stereotype has a harmful effect on performance in cognitive and motor domains. This paper provides a literature review of stereotype-threat research in the motor domain followed by recommendations for sport psychology practitioners. The review discusses the most widespread stereotypes that exist in sport, the effects of stereotype activation on performance in different sports, and mechanisms that explain why stereotype threat decreases performance. Recommendations for practitioners include individual- and organizational-level approaches, with the former subdivided into interventions aimed at prevention or coping.
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