Elotuzumab monotherapy in patients with smouldering multiple myeloma: a phase 2 study

Abstract

Summary Smouldering multiple myeloma ( SMM ) is associated with increased risk of progression to multiple myeloma within 2 years, with no approved treatments. Elotuzumab has been shown to promote natural killer ( NK ) cell stimulation and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity ( ADCC ) in vitro . CD 56 dim ( CD 56 dim / CD 16 + / CD 3 − / CD 45 + ) NK cells represent the primary subset responsible for elotuzumab‐induced ADCC . In this phase II , non‐randomized study ( NCT 01441973), patients with SMM received elotuzumab 20 mg/kg intravenously (cycle 1: days 1, 8; monthly thereafter) or 10 mg/kg (cycles 1, 2: weekly; every 2 weeks thereafter). The primary endpoint was the relationship between baseline proportion of bone marrow‐derived CD 56 dim NK cells and maximal M protein reduction; secondary endpoints included overall response rate ( ORR ) and progression‐free survival ( PFS ). Fifteen patients received 20 mg/kg and 16 received 10 mg/kg; combined data arepresented. At database lock ( DBL , September 2014), no association was found between baseline CD 56 dim NK cell proportion and maximal M protein reduction. With minimum 28 months' follow‐up ( DBL : January 2016), ORR (90% CI ) was 10% (2·7–23·2) and 2‐year PFS rate was 69% (52–81%). Upper respiratory tract infections occurred in 18/31 (58%) patients. Four (13%) patients experienced infusion reactions, all grade 1–2. Elotuzumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone is under investigation for SMM .