Activation of TGF-β1/α-SMA/Col I Profibrotic Pathway in Fibroblasts by Galectin-3 Contributes to Atrial Fibrosis in Experimental Models and Patients

Abstract

Activation of Gal-3 expression in the atria can subsequently activate the TGF-β1/α-SMA/Col I pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, which may enhance atrial fibrosis.