International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part I): Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Criteria, and Pathophysiology

TLDR

Takotsubo syndrome is a poorly recognized heart disease once considered benign. The authors aim to issue an expert consensus statement summarizing current knowledge on TTS presentation, characteristics, and controversies. The consensus document proposes new diagnostic criteria based on current knowledge to improve diagnostic accuracy. TTS is linked to severe complications, including death, and its prevalence is likely underestimated.

Abstract

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a poorly recognized heart disease that was initially regarded as a benign condition. Recently, it has been shown that TTS may be associated with severe clinical complications including death and that its prevalence is probably underestimated. Since current guidelines on TTS are lacking, it appears timely and important to provide an expert consensus statement on TTS. The clinical expert consensus document part I summarizes the current state of knowledge on clinical presentation and characteristics of TTS and agrees on controversies surrounding TTS such as nomenclature, different TTS types, role of coronary artery disease, and etiology. This consensus also proposes new diagnostic criteria based on current knowledge to improve diagnostic accuracy.