Recognizing farmers’ practices and constraints for intensifying rice production at Riparian Wetlands in Indonesia

Abstract

Highlights• Unpredictable flooding and drought occurrences are the most crucial problems in riparian wetland agriculture.• Sustainable intensification at riparian wetlands is technically, economically, and socially challenging.• Agricultural practices reflect needs, preferences, and absorptive capacity of the farmers.• Floodwater cannot be managed by smallholder farmers at farm level.• Constraint in improving soil quality at riparian wetland is more of economic rather than agronomic issue.