European Journal of Criminology · 2018 · 26 citations · 25 references
Social SciencesCriminal LawCriminologyComparative Criminal LawCrimeCriminal ProcedureComparative Penal PolicyComparative Sentencing PracticesCriminal JusticeCriminal Justice SystemsSentencing EvaluationSentencing ProcedureCommon Law CourtsPost-communist TransitionSentencing EquitySentencing PatternsSentencing ProceedingsSentencing TheorySocioeconomic Disparity In Sentencing
Although there is an extensive literature on sentencing disparities in common law countries, there have been only a few empirical studies in continental countries and virtually none in post-communist ones. This article presents findings from the Czech Republic, which show that there are important disparities in post-communist Europe, comparable to those in the USA before the introduction of sentencing guidelines. I employ a multi-level modelling approach to study the sentencing practices in Czech district courts for the three most common offences. The values of intra-cluster correlation are found to be between .066 and .178 for the various models, which is considered high. The specifics of civil law post-communist countries are further discussed in relation to choosing appropriate ways of reducing disparities.
25
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using <b>lme4</b>
Douglas M. Bates, Martin Mächler, Benjamin M. Bolker et al. · Journal of Statistical Software · 2015 · 85.6K citations · Full text
Juan Merlo · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · 2006 · 1.7K citations