The socio-environmental impacts of public urban fruit trees: A Montreal case-study

Abstract

Impacts of the public urban orchard in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue (Quebec) observed for the four social phenomena under study. Left : Impacts observed. Positive impacts were found on most of the social capital and place attachment subcomponents studied (thick arrows). Impacts observed on food and environmental knowledge were lower than expected: no impacts were observed on the participants’ environmental knowledge (bulleted arrow), and evidence was found of impacts on food knowledge, but not on knowledge of the food system (thin arrow). Right : Hypothesized impacts if participatory activities and more information were available (thicker arrows); the results suggest that implementing participatory activities around the orchard maintenance and harvesting as well as providing users with more information about the orchard and its relationships with the food system and the local and global environment could increase impacts on the four social phenomena. • A public urban orchard was found to positively impact social capital, place attachment and food knowledge. • Positive impacts on trust in the city administration were found. • Information on the site and participatory activities may enhance the impacts. • Practical considerations such as location and species chosen could improve impacts. In the past two decades, worldwide interest in urban agriculture has rapidly increased amongst residents, city administrations, businesses and researchers, and a diversity of social and environmental benefits were found or argued for the practice. However, most studies have been conducted on commercial activities or on community-gardens, which are either private or of restricted access, and to our knowledge no study is available yet on the impacts of public produce, that is, food grown in public spaces and freely accessible to passersby. Yet, because its access is unrestricted, public produce might impact the community in a different and perhaps more widespread fashion than community gardens. To begin to address this gap, we studied potential socio-environmental impacts of public urban fruit trees, focusing on social capital, place attachment, food and environmental knowledge, using a public urban orchard located in Montreal, Quebec as a case-study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with users of the site and analyzed using a mixed inductive and deductive qualitative approach. Evidence of positive impacts was found for social capital (including the relationship with the city administration), place attachment, and food knowledge, while no evidence was found for environmental knowledge. The results also strongly suggest that implementing participatory activities and providing more information about the orchard, the food system, and the environment on the site could increase the impacts on the four social phenomena studied. This study suggests that public, unrestricted-access urban agriculture could have diverse and direct socio-environmental impacts. The findings should be of interest to city administrations seeking cost-efficient means of positively contributing to socio-environmental sustainability and to the well-being of their residents, as well as to researchers interested in the relationship between urban planning and socio-environmental sustainability.