Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sleep Quality among Adults in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background . An estimated 150 million people worldwide and nearly 17% of the populations in the developing nations are currently suffering from sleep problems. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of sleep quality among adults in Ethiopia. Method . A cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 randomly selected adults using validated and pretested Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were entered into EpiData and analyzed using SPSS version 20 considering bivariable (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>value &lt; 0.25) and multivariable<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.05</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>logistic regression procedures at 95% confidence interval. Result . The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI score &gt; 5) was 65.4% with higher proportion among males (79 (63.0%)) and age group of 40–49 years (174 (28.6%)). A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that age category of 40–49 years (AOR = 2 [95% CI (1.1, 3.6)])<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.03</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>, monthly income ≤ 1000 ETB (AOR = 2.2 [95% CI (14, 3.5)])<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.01</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>, current khat chewing (AOR = 1.8 [95% CI (1.1, 3.1)])<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.03</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>, daily khat chewing (AOR = 3.4 [95% CI (1.2, 11.1)])<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.04</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>, and obesity (AOR = 1.2 [95% CI (1.3, 2.5)])<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.03</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>were identified as risk factors of poor sleep quality. Conclusion . The current study is informative for government to work on poverty reduction, create awareness for weight reduction, and develop legislation for khat control to prevent poor sleep quality.