IEEE Industry Applications Magazine · 2018 · 65 citations · 23 references
Natural ResourcesBusiness EconomicsEconomicsEnergy EconomicsEnergy ManagementEnergy PolicyDemand-side Energy ManagementElectricity Load ManagementEnergy MeteringEnergy PricingEnergy UseRenewable EnergyAggregate Demand AnalysisBuilding Energy DemandElectricity Pricing MechanismsHousehold Electricity UseMeteringNet Metering PricingNet Metering TariffsSmart Metering
Smart mini‑grid deployment remains slow because regulatory barriers and utility‑favored business models dominate, despite technological advances, and net metering is a key enabling factor. The study evaluates the economic advantages of net metering for residential customers. Using monthly typical‑day consumption data, the authors estimate apartment and common‑area demand, model photovoltaic generation for an Italian building, apply a net‑metering scheme to the aggregate demand, and compare billing with and without net‑metering tariffs. The analysis shows that net metering yields noticeable savings for the building’s residents.
Contrary to many expectations, the development of smart (mini-)grids is slow, notwithstanding drastic improvements in innovative technologies, and the reasons for this are not strictly technical. The problem lies in regulatory barriers. Moreover, the current business models accommodate utilities more so than customers. Net metering is a key enabling factor for smart (mini-)grids. This article addresses the economic benefits of net metering for residential customers. Energy demands for individual apartments and common areas are calculated using the daily energy-consumption behavior of occupants for typical days of each month of the year. Photovoltaic (PV ) generation is estimated for a residential building in Italy. The proposed net-metering scheme is applied on the aggregate energy demand of a selected building. The current energy billing without modifications is compared to the case in which net-metering tariffs are applied to the billing. Results show that noticeable savings can be obtained in the net-metering case.
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Nikolaos G. Paterakis, Ozan Erdinç, Iliana N. Pappi et al. · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · 2016 · 222 citations · Full text