A Dual‐graphite Battery with Pure 1‐Butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Imide as the Electrolyte

Abstract

Abstract Rechargeable dual‐ion batteries are considered to be potential candidates for applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. Ionic liquid is one of the most promising electrolytes due to its superior ionic conductivity and the wide electrochemical window. In this work, a novel dual‐graphite battery system was developed based on a pure 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ionic liquid electrolyte and dual graphite electrodes. The working mechanism of the dual‐graphite battery based on a pure ionic liquid electrolyte without any metallic elements was proposed and investigated in detail. The cell delivers a reversible specific capacity of 49 mAh g −1 at a current density of 50 mA g −1 , a high Coulombic efficiency of approximately 97.4 % and a fine cycling stability at high cut‐off voltage 4.6 V over 100 cycles. Moreover, the dual‐ion battery system, which is made entirely of non‐metallic elements, exhibits a high and obvious discharge voltage plateaus at about 3.7 V. These results encourage the further development of new types of futuristic rechargeable non‐metallic battery energy storage systems.