Exchange factor directly activated by cAMP–PKCε signalling mediates chronic morphine‐induced expression of purine P2X3 receptor in rat dorsal root ganglia

Abstract

Chronic morphine exposure increased the expression of P2X3 receptor, and i.t. P2X3 receptor antagonists attenuated the loss of morphine's analgesic effect. Inhibiting Epac/PKCε signalling was shown to play a significant inhibitory role in chronic morphine-induced P2X3 receptor expression and attenuate morphine-induced tolerance.