Controlling Selective Doping and Energy Transfer between Transition Metal and Rare Earth Ions in Nanostructured Glassy Solids

Abstract

Abstract Selective doping of optically active ions into the nanocrystalline phase(s) of glass ceramics is of interest for photoluminescence (PL) applications to control the energy transfer (ET) processes between dopants on the nanometer length scale. Here, the focus is on explaining the essential knowledge of the distribution of two groups of active ions: transition metal (Ni 2+ and Cr 3+ ) and rare earth (Yb 3+ and Er 3+ ) ions, which are doped into i) single‐phase Ga 2 O 3 and ii) dual‐phase Ga 2 O 3 and YF 3 nanocrystals (NCs). These NCs are obtained by thermally crystallizing ternary silicate‐ and quinary fluorosilicate‐based glasses, respectively. It is found that the two types of active ions can successfully be doped into Ga 2 O 3 NCs, resulting in enhanced ET between the dopants because of the small separation distance of, e.g., <10 Å, whereas ET is significantly suppressed when Ga 2 O 3 and YF 3 NCs are coprecipitated. In this case, the studied rare earth ions have a high propensity for being selectively doped in YF 3 NCs. The studied transition‐metal ions can always be found in Ga 2 O 3 NCs irrespective of the presence of the fluoride phase. The selective doping and the ET between the two types of active ions can be controlled simultaneously on annealing. This may allow for the achievement of diverse PL properties, such as ultrabroadband near‐infrared and upconversion‐mediated Stokes emissions.