Single‐Frequency Instantaneous GNSS Velocities Resolve Dynamic Ground Motion of the 2016 Mw 7.1 Iniskin, Alaska, Earthquake

Abstract

Research Article| April 11, 2018 Single‐Frequency Instantaneous GNSS Velocities Resolve Dynamic Ground Motion of the 2016 Mw 7.1 Iniskin, Alaska, Earthquake Ronni Grapenthin; Ronni Grapenthin aDepartment of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, MSEC 356, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 U.S.A., rg@nmt.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Michael West; Michael West bAlaska Earthquake Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Carl Tape; Carl Tape cGeophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Matt Gardine; Matt Gardine bAlaska Earthquake Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jeff Freymueller Jeff Freymueller cGeophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Ronni Grapenthin aDepartment of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, MSEC 356, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 U.S.A., rg@nmt.edu Michael West bAlaska Earthquake Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 U.S.A. Carl Tape cGeophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 U.S.A. Matt Gardine bAlaska Earthquake Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 U.S.A. Jeff Freymueller cGeophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 U.S.A. Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 11 Apr 2018 Online Issn: 1938-2057 Print Issn: 0895-0695 © Seismological Society of America Seismological Research Letters (2018) 89 (3): 1040–1048. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170235 Article history First Online: 11 Apr 2018 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Ronni Grapenthin, Michael West, Carl Tape, Matt Gardine, Jeff Freymueller; Single‐Frequency Instantaneous GNSS Velocities Resolve Dynamic Ground Motion of the 2016 Mw 7.1 Iniskin, Alaska, Earthquake. Seismological Research Letters 2018;; 89 (3): 1040–1048. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170235 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search ABSTRACT Geophysical studies almost exclusively reduce Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations to positions. Receiver velocities derived from single‐frequency high‐rate (⁠≥1 Hz⁠) carrier‐phase observations turn GNSS instruments into velocity meters of unlimited dynamic range, potentially in real time. This enables instantaneous investigation of large, rapid motions. The 125‐km‐deep Mw 7.1 Iniskin, Alaska, earthquake created only small permanent surface offsets between 1 and 2 cm but much larger dynamic displacements. We resolve S waves and basin resonance, including natural frequencies, using only single‐frequency GNSS data without any treatment of error sources along the signal propagation path. Using root mean squared error (rmse) over more than 2.5 min prior to the mainshock as a measure of noise, we determine median rmses for a 36 GNSS station network of 3.1±1.5⁠, 2.0±0.4⁠, and 4.8±1.4 mm/s in north, east, and vertical components, respectively. The instantaneous geodetic velocities for the Iniskin event fill observational gaps and allow re‐characterization of ground‐motion maps for the event. This application demonstrates the utility of geodetic and potentially consumer‐grade GNSS receivers for real‐time, instantaneous ground motion and site characterization, earthquake early warning, and structural monitoring. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.