Charging and discharging coordination of electric vehicles in a parking lot considering the limitation of power exchange with the distribution system

Abstract

With the extensive use of electric vehicles, the need to charge them has become one of the important issues in the distribution system. Also, these vehicles are able to play the role of energy-generating sources by utilizing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities. Therefore, coordination of the charging /discharging process of electric vehicle batteries is essential in order to optimally use these energy storage resources. In this paper, different strategies are proposed for charging /discharging electric vehicles regarding variable power costs, parking constraints for electric vehicles and the random and unpredictable nature of quantities, such as the entrance and exit of electric vehicles to the parking lot. Such strategies address the time and state of charge of vehicles in order to increase the profit of electric vehicle parking lot, because parking lot is the responsible of charging and discharging. The results show that different strategies have different profits for parking.