Water-Soluble Redox-Active Cage Hosting Polyoxometalates for Selective Desulfurization Catalysis

Abstract

Transformations within container-molecules provide a good alternative between traditional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, as the containers themselves can be regarded as single molecular nanomicelles. We report here the designed-synthesis of a water-soluble redox-active supramolecular Pd₄L₂ cage and its application in the encapsulation of aromatic molecules and polyoxometalates (POMs) catalysts. Compared to the previous known Pd₆L₄ cage, our results show that replacement of two cis-blocked palladium corners with p-xylene bridges through pyridinium bonds formation between the 2,4,6-tri-4-pyridyl-1,3,5-triazine (TPT) ligands not only provides reversible redox-activities for the new Pd₄L₂ cage, but also realizes the expansion and subdivision of its internal cavity. An increased number of guests, including polyaromatics and POMs, can be accommodated inside the Pd₄L₂ cage. Moreover, both conversion and product selectivity (sulfoxide over sulfone) have also been much enhanced in the desulfurization reactions catalyzed by the POMs@Pd₄L₂ host-guest complexes. We expect that further photochromic or photoredox functions are possible taking advantage of this new generation of organo-palladium cage.