Current Concepts in Scaffolding for Bone Tissue Engineering.

TLDR

Bone disorders are increasingly common, and scaffold‑based bone tissue engineering—using porous composites, osteoconductive ceramics, and osteoinductive materials—offers promising therapies that require optimized porosity, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. The paper reviews bone tissue engineering studies from a biomaterial scaffolding perspective. It surveys biomaterial approaches to scaffold design and functionalization in bone tissue engineering. Level of evidence: I.

Abstract

Bone disorders are of significant worry due to their increased prevalence in the median age. Scaffold-based bone tissue engineering holds great promise for the future of osseous defects therapies. Porous composite materials and functional coatings for metallic implants have been introduced in next generation of orthopedic medicine for tissue engineering. While osteoconductive materials such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate ceramics as well as some biodegradable polymers are suggested, much interest has recently focused on the use of osteoinductive materials like demineralized bone matrix or bone derivatives. However, physiochemical modifications in terms of porosity, mechanical strength, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, cell proliferation, mineralization and osteogenic differentiation are required. This paper reviews studies on bone tissue engineering from the biomaterial point of view in scaffolding. Level of evidence: I.